Use of preclinical High Fidelity Medical Simulations (HFMS) to promote the integration of basic and clinical sciences in undergraduate medical education
This session will discuss how to implement and effectively integrate pharmacology and physiology with other essential foundational and clinical sciences using preclinical high fidelity medical simulations carefully scaffolded to keep cognitive domain levels appropriate to the novice medical student’s abilities. While the medical educational literature is replete with proposed curricular models designed to integrate critical foundational sciences like physiology and pharmacology with clinical sciences, gaps exist on the best pedagogy and procedures to maximize conceptual integration and learner encapsulation at the instructor and sessional level. We will review our research evaluating the effectiveness of various techniques used to teach pharmacology within preclinical simulations, and share models and implemental procedures that best support active learning and reflection on error to maximize the impact to learners. Further, we hope to promote a dialogue with other medical educators on how to utilize medical simulation pedagogy to support horizontal and vertical integration of the foundational basic and clinical sciences.
Self-directed learning in your curriculum—getting from theory to practice.
In today’s health care arena with rapidly expanding knowledge, yesterday’s best practice may be obsolete tomorrow. This creates an imperative for physicians to be life-long learners. As students progress through medical education their learning will need to be increasingly self-directed and develop the necessary skills to diagnose and address their own learning gaps. Despite the growing recognition that such skills can and should be taught, this is not yet a consistently integrated component of medical school curriculum. In this webinar, we will first define terminology and explain theoretical frameworks that guide our understanding of self-directed, life-long learning; including metacognition, self-regulation, informed self-assessment and the newer framework of master adaptive learning. We will then provide a brief literature review of strategies employed to help students develop the relevant skills, including the use of reflection, learning plans, portfolios and coaches. We will discuss challenges encountered when applying theoretical frameworks to practical strategies and areas of ambiguity in which more research is needed. We will end with some practical suggestions based on the literature and our own experiences.
Entrustment decision making in EPA-based curricula
Assessment of clinical competence is an ongoing topic of debate among medical educators. Competency-based medical education intends to train and assess residents and students who meet predefined standards. The quest for psychometrically valid assessments, i.e. sound measurement of trainee competencies, to provide sufficient certainty to the public that all those who complete undergraduate medical education are ready for residency, and all those who complete graduate medical education are ready for unsupervised practice, has not yet yielded a gold standard for evaluation. A new concept in workplace training and assessment is Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), units of professional practice that learners may execute without supervision once they have satisfactorily demonstrated to possess the relevant competence in postgraduate specialty training, or indirect supervision in undergraduate medical education. EPA-based curricula with entrustment decisions provide a conceptual change in perspective on both the standards for competence and their evaluation among trainees. This presentation will focus on entrustable professional activities for curriculum development and assessment, the concept of entrustment as part of assessment and entrustability scales that use levels of supervision as anchor points. The connection with milestones will be highlighted. While EPA-based assessment is new and there is yet limited experience with EPA-based curricula, there are a number of arguments to guide a development in that direction.
The Breadth and Depth of Standardized Patients in the Teaching and Assessment of Clinical Skills
Over the past five decades Standardized Patient methodology has evolved from its roots in teaching and assessing proficiency in communicating with patients. Standardized Patients (SPS) now perform a variety of roles in medical and non-medical education from undergraduate learning to licensure examinations to continuing education. In this presentation, we will use a non-traditional definition of Standardized Patients (SPs): “individuals who are trained to perform in a role in a standardized and repeatable way where presentation varies based only on learner performance. SPs are used for teaching and assessment of learners in a broad range of skills in simulated environments. SPs are trained to facilitate learning, provide feedback and evaluate learner performance.” Three institutions (Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and the University of Louisville) are represented in this presentation. Discussions will encompass the traditional and evidence-based ways SPs are integrated into medical curriculums for teaching and assessing clinical skills, and widening the lens to include teaching and assessment of skills that are historically taught by clinicians, as a solution for clinical teaching when clinician time is challenging. We will also present innovative uses of the SP methodology to challenge our audience’s imagination.
New Tools and Paradigms for Assessing Professionalism in the Health Sciences
Professionalism is a critical component of both undergraduate and graduate medical education. Continual assessment of professionalism is necessary for mastery of this competency and to help learners understand and ultimately develop skills to avoid professionalism lapses. Individual behavior and attitudes are often affected by the overall work and learning environments and role modeling by attending physicians and peer pressure from colleagues can contribute to both positive and unprofessional behaviors. This engaging webinar will provide grounding in the current state of professionalism assessment, insights on the obstacles and strategies for assessing professionalism.