Immersive 3-D Game Environments for
Terrorism Response Training
Joseph
V. Henderson*, MD, Interactive Media Laboratory, Dartmouth
Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 U.S.A.
PURPOSE: To create immersive, experiential
training for emergency personnel working during the immediate response to a
terrorist attack involving weapons of mass destruction.
METHODS: As part of a multi-modal learning
environment, we created four virtual scenarios using the Quake 2 “first-person
shooter” game engine, adapted to incorporate motion video and question/answer
dialogues with a virtual mentor, played by an actual expert trainer. This
adaptation also allows for use of virtual hazmat instruments, critical decision
making, and conduct of reconnaissance and rescue operations. Scenarios are
bracketed by briefings and debriefings segments during which the learner is
given information, asked questions, and provided feedback on actions taken.
RESULTS: In testing with more than 200 first
responders, the environment was found to be easy to use, realistic, and
educationally valuable. As part of a larger educational environment (the
CONCLUSION/FUTURE DIRECTIONS: We find that a guided, 3-D game-based
scenario, in which specific goals, decisions, and alternate outcomes are
presented, is a valid training method. With proper
preparation in the form of a simulation designed to teach how to use the game
environment, it can be used – and actually enjoyed – by nearly all trainees
among the target audience. We have already received funding from the Department
of Homeland Security to develop two additional 3-D simulations for this
learning environment. These will be developed over the next 6 months and added
to the VTRA program.